Electrical Ground Current Event Detected in Norway

2020-01-0720:5831698spaceweather.com

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Page 2

 
Solar wind
speed: 320.8 km/sec
density: 5.18 protons/cm3
more data: ACE, DSCOVR
Updated: Today at 0846 UT X-ray Solar Flares
6-hr max: C5
0717 UT Jul11
24-hr: M1
2343 UT Jul10
explanation | more data
Updated: Today at: 0850 UT Daily Sun: 11 Jul 22
Expand: labels | no labels
New sunspot AR3056 is crackling with M-class solar flares. Credit: SDO/AIA

Sunspot number: 113
What is the sunspot number?

Spotless Days
Current Stretch: 0 days 2022 total: 1 day (<1%) 2021 total: 64 days (18%) 2020 total: 208 days (57%) 2019 total: 281 days (77%) 2018 total: 221 days (61%) 2017 total: 104 days (28%) 2016 total: 32 days (9%) 2015 total: 0 days (0%) 2014 total: 1 day (<1%) 2013 total: 0 days (0%) 2012 total: 0 days (0%) 2011 total: 2 days (<1%) 2010 total: 51 days (14%) 2009 total: 260 days (71%) 2008 total: 268 days (73%) 2007 total: 152 days (42%)

2006 total: 70 days (19%)


Updated 11 Jul 2022
Thermosphere Climate Index
today: 13.65
x1010 W Neutral
Max: 49.4
x1010 W Hot (10/1957)
Min: 2.05
x1010 W Cold (02/2009)
explanation | more data: gfx, txt
Updated 10 Jul 2022

The Radio Sun
10.7 cm flux: 153 sfu
explanation | more data
Updated 11 Jul 2022

Cosmic Rays Solar Cycle 25 is beginning, and this is reflected in the number of cosmic rays entering Earth's atmosphere. Neutron counts from the University of Oulu's Sodankyla Geophysical Observatory show that cosmic rays reaching Earth are slowly declining--a result of the yin-yang relationship between the solar cycle and cosmic rays.

Oulu Neutron Counts

Percentages of the Space Age average:
today: +5.0% High
48-hr change: -0.8%
Max: +11.7% Very High
(12/2009)
Min: -32.1% Very Low (06/1991)
explanation | more data
Updated 11 Jul 2022 @ 0700 UT

Current Auroral Oval:
Switch to: Europe, USA, New Zealand, Antarctica
Credit: NOAA/Ovation Planetary K-index
Now: Kp= 1 quiet
24-hr max: Kp= 3
quiet
explanation | more data
Interplanetary Mag. Field
Btotal: 5.63 nT
Bz: 0.59 nT north
more data: ACE, DSCOVR
Updated: Today at 0846 UT Coronal Holes: 11 Jul 22
Solar wind flowing from this equatorial coronal hole should reach Earth on July 13-14.
Credit: SDO/AIA

Noctilucent Clouds
Noctilucent cloud season is underway. The clouds are currently spreading as far south as +45N (Oregon).
Switch view: Europe, USA, Asia, Polar Updated Jul10
SPACE WEATHER
NOAA Forecasts
Updated at: 2022 Jul 10 2200 UTC
Geomagnetic Storms:
Probabilities for significant disturbances in Earth's magnetic field are given for three activity levels: active, minor storm, severe storm Updated at: 2022 Jul 10 2200 UTC Mid-latitudes
High latitudes
 
What's up in space
       
 

Never miss another geomagnetic storm. Sign up for Space Weather Alerts and you'll receive a text message when magnetic storms erupt. Aurora your guides and professional astronomers use this service. You can, too!

 

THE STARFISH PRIME GEOMAGNETIC STORM: Sixty years ago, the US military accidentally created a strong geomagnetic storm, the result of a nuclear test called "Starfish Prime." The blast sparked auroras over Hawaii and led to the early demise of all satellites in Earth orbit at the time. Full story.

ACTIVE SUN: Spoiler alert: Something on the sun is about to explode. "There is an incredible-looking sunspot crossing the center of the solar disk and a new large dark core has just appeared on the limb," reports Illinois astronomer Apollo Lasky, who photographed the seething starscape:

The active regions in Lasky's video are mostly new. They either appeared for the first time or ballooned in size from an existiing spot over the weekend. One of them, sunspot AR3055, is truly awesome, stretching more than 100,000 km from end to end with more than a dozen dark cores. It is almost directly facing Earth, and poses a threat for strong flares.

To make the video, Lasky capped his telescope with a solar filter tuned to the glow of ionized calcium (CaK). CaK filters are excellent detectors of "sunspot froth"--the bubbly, turbulent sea of magnetism that surrounds active sunspot groups. Every sunspot in the video is surrounded. Solar flare alerts: SMS Text.

Realtime Space Weather Photo Gallery
Free:
Spaceweather.com Newsletter

"I LOVE YOU MORE" OPAL: Nothing says "I love you" like jewelry from space. On June 3, 2022, this sterling silver opal pendant hitched a ride on an Earth to Sky Calculus cosmic ray research balloon. At the apex of the flight it floated 101,326 feet above the Sierra Nevada mountains of central California:

You can have it for $142.95. The opal's infinity wrap is engraved with "I Love You More." It's the perfect birthday, anniversary or (never too early!) Christmas gift for that special someone who loves space. Each pendant comes with a greeting card showing the pendant in flight and telling the story of its trip to the stratosphere and back.

Far Out Gifts: Earth to Sky Store
All sales support hands-on STEM education

Realtime Aurora Photo Gallery
Free:
Spaceweather.com Newsletter

Realtime Noctilucent Cloud Photo Gallery
Free:
Spaceweather.com Newsletter

Every night, a network of NASA all-sky cameras scans the skies above the United States for meteoritic fireballs. Automated software maintained by NASA's Meteoroid Environment Office calculates their orbits, velocity, penetration depth in Earth's atmosphere and many other characteristics. Daily results are presented here on Spaceweather.com.

On July 10, 2022, the network reported 5 fireballs.
(5 sporadics)

In this diagram of the inner solar system, all of the fireball orbits intersect at a single point--Earth. The orbits are color-coded by velocity, from slow (red) to fast (blue). [Larger image] [movies]

Potentially Hazardous Asteroids (PHAs) are space rocks larger than approximately 100m that can come closer to Earth than 0.05 AU. None of the known PHAs is on a collision course with our planet, although astronomers are finding new ones all the time.
On July 11, 2022 there were 2279 potentially hazardous asteroids.
Notes: LD means "Lunar Distance." 1 LD = 384,401 km, the distance between Earth and the Moon. 1 LD also equals 0.00256 AU. MAG is the visual magnitude of the asteroid on the date of closest approach.
  Cosmic Rays in the Atmosphere

SPACE WEATHER BALLOON DATA: Almost once a week, Spaceweather.com and the students of Earth to Sky Calculus fly space weather balloons to the stratosphere over California. These balloons are equipped with sensors that detect secondary cosmic rays, a form of radiation from space that can penetrate all the way down to Earth's surface. Our monitoring program has been underway without interruption for 7 years, resulting in a unique dataset of in situ atmospheric measurements.

Latest results (Nov. 2021): Our balloons have just measured a sudden drop in atmospheric radiation. It happened during the strong geomagnetic storms of Nov. 3-4, 2021. Here are the data:

This is called a "Forbush decrease," named after American physicist Scott Forbush who studied cosmic rays in the early 20th century.  It happens when a CME from the sun sweeps past Earth and literally pushes cosmic rays away from our planet. Radiation from deep space that would normally pepper Earth's upper atmosphere is briefly wiped out.

We have measured Forbush decreases before. For example, here's one from Sept. 2014. The Forbush Decrease of Nov. 3-4, 2021, was the deepest in the history of our 7-year atmospheric monitoring program. Radiation levels in the stratosphere over California dropped nearly 20%, more than doubling the previous record from our dataset. 

En route to the stratosphere, our sensors also pass through aviation altitudes, so we can sample radiation where planes fly. This plot shows how the Forbush decrease was restricted to the stratosphere; it did not affect lower levels of the atmosphere:

The dose rates shown above are expressed as multiples of sea level. For instance, we see that boarding a plane that flies at 25,000 feet exposes passengers to dose rates ~10x higher than sea level. At 40,000 feet, the multiplier is closer to 50x. The higher you fly, the more radiation you will absorb.

.Who cares? Cosmic rays are a surprisingly "down to Earth" form of space weather. They can seed clouds, trigger lightning, and penetrate commercial airplanes. According to a study from the Harvard T.H. Chan school of public health, crews of aircraft have higher rates of cancer than the general population. The researchers listed cosmic rays, irregular sleep habits, and chemical contaminants as leading risk factors. Somewhat more controversial studies (#1, #2, #3, #4) link cosmic rays with cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death.

.Technical notes: The radiation sensors onboard our helium balloons detect X-rays and gamma-rays in the energy range 10 keV to 20 MeV. These energies span the range of medical X-ray machines and airport security scanners.

Data points in the first graph ("Stratospheric Radiation") correspond to the peak of the Regener-Pfotzer maximum, which lies about 67,000 feet above central California. When cosmic rays crash into Earth's atmosphere, they produce a spray of secondary particles that is most intense at the entrance to the stratosphere. Physicists Eric Regener and Georg Pfotzer discovered the maximum using balloons in the 1930s and it is what we are measuring today.

NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center
  The official U.S. government space weather bureau
Atmospheric Optics
  The first place to look for information about sundogs, pillars, rainbows and related phenomena.
Solar Dynamics Observatory
  Researchers call it a "Hubble for the sun." SDO is the most advanced solar observatory ever.
STEREO
  3D views of the sun from NASA's Solar and Terrestrial Relations Observatory
Solar and Heliospheric Observatory
  Realtime and archival images of the Sun from SOHO.
SolarMonitor.org
  information about sunspots based on the latest NOAA/USAF Active Region Summary
Daily Sunspot Summaries
  from the NOAA Space Environment Center
NOAA 27-Day Space Weather Forecasts
  fun to read, but should be taken with a grain of salt! Forecasts looking ahead more than a few days are often wrong.
Aurora 30 min forecast
  from the NOAA Space Environment Center
Live Aurora Webcam
Heliophysics
  the underlying science of space weather
NASA Near Earth Asteroid Home Page

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©2021 Spaceweather.com. All rights reserved. This site is penned daily by Dr. Tony Phillips.

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Comments

  • By Stratoscope 2020-01-0723:071 reply

    Spaceweather.com always has the most interesting news. The site is run by Dr. Tony Phillips, a science writer for NASA and high school teacher in Bishop, California.

    His students launch balloons to the edge of space to conduct research and to carry up trinkets that they sell to fund their missions. If you scroll down on the linked page, you'll see one of the silk roses they sent up on a recent mission.

    More details in a discussion from last year:

    https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=20372021

    • By drmpeg 2020-01-084:164 reply

      Still renders correctly in Netscape Communicator 4.76.

      http://www.w6rz.net/netscape.png

      • By tomcam 2020-01-084:431 reply

        What a relief. I thought I was going to have to upgrade version 5.1 or something

        • By qw 2020-01-087:061 reply

          Netscape 5 was never released. They skipped that version when they decided to focus on the Gecko engine (later used in Firefox).

          Netscape 6 was released using the new Gecko engine.

          • By gibolt 2020-01-088:562 reply

            Thus why upgrading is complicated. Requires writing the upgrade yourself

            • By bballer 2020-01-0812:57

              Almost spit out my coffee that was so funny.

            • By jacobush 2020-01-0812:29

              If jwz had his way, 5.1 would have existed.

      • By etaioinshrdlu 2020-01-088:121 reply

        Do you keep a copy of old Netscape in a VM (solaris no less) just for moments like these?

        • By drmpeg 2020-01-088:401 reply

          I just happened to have that screenshot. If you look at the date over the picture of the Sun, it's 24 Jan 19.

          The primary reason for the SPARC emulation is to run an old MPEG-2 bitstream analyzer from the 90's.

          http://www.w6rz.net/motionvectors.png

          • By tempy45 2020-01-0810:481 reply

            What do you use the bitstream analyzer for? And how would you read the image it produces?

            • By drmpeg 2020-01-0811:071 reply

              Back then, it was used to develop algorithms for real-time MPEG-2 encoder silicon. It can also be used to look at strategies used by other encoders (for example, ffmpeg). MPEG-2 video is still being used today, so it's still relevant.

              Here's another screenshot showing the options available with the tool. You can switch between the picture (shown), macroblock type, macroblock quantization, number of bits per macroblock, motion vectors (shown in the previous screenshot) and coded block pattern.

              http://www.w6rz.net/ss5.png

              • By RedWarrior 2020-01-0812:13

                Is there a reason why you cannot switch to newer tools like StreamEye?

      • By sjrd 2020-01-087:021 reply

        But not on mobile nor with a modern Firefox' reader mode ...

        • By Zardoz84 2020-01-088:39

          The Firefox mobile that I have installed on my android phone, not have any issues with this page.

      • By prox 2020-01-0812:47

        Thats just amazing! Nice backwards compatibility !

  • By cmroanirgo 2020-01-087:523 reply

    Wow.

    > About 15 minutes before the disturbance in Norway, the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) near Earth abruptly swung around 180 degrees, and the solar wind density jumped more than 5-fold. Earth may have crossed through a fold in the heliospheric current sheet--a giant, wavy membrane of electrical current rippling through the solar system. Such crossings can cause these kind of effects.

    • By brylie 2020-01-0811:592 reply

      Would this type of event potentially affect human behavior, such as sleep patterns?

      I am genuinely curious because, anecdotally, my son and I had a difficult night sleeping and a friend said she and her son also had difficulty sleeping that night.

      • By ncmncm 2020-01-0813:511 reply

        Hey, I did too! Took a sick day yesterday.

        And, today I learned of the existence of the heliospheric current sheet!

        http://wso.stanford.edu/gifs/HCS.html

        Last I heard, astronomers didn't permit current flow in space. Or, anyway, talking about it.

    • By stingraycharles 2020-01-0811:571 reply

      Care to ELI5 why this is so special? It sounds impressive but I have no idea what an IMF, heliospheric current or a membrane of electrical current are.

      • By dnadler 2020-01-0813:23

        It's been a while, but I did take an astrophysics class that got into the solar system's electromagnetic dynamics.

        As I recall, the sun is constantly shedding ionized material known as solar wind. This plasma carries the magnetic field from the sun with it. From "above", the magnetic field looks like a giant spiral with the sun at the center.

        It sounds like the earth may have moved through a particularly dense spot of the solar wind which interacted strongly with the Earths magnetic field. This would probably also cause unusually strong auroras.

        That's about the extent of my knowledge (plus I'm on my phone and it's a bit difficult to get into a lot of detail). I'm sure someone else around here can correct me and/or give more insight.

  • By duncancarroll 2020-01-081:031 reply

    Am I understanding the article correctly? They're guessing that because there was no solar wind which would normally trigger aurora, the Earth must have passed through a sort of rogue wave in the heliosphere, which also was strong enough to induce a current in the ground?

    • By wahern 2020-01-082:30

      Not rogue. And I'm unsure if wave is the correct term. I think what they're implying is that when passing through a "fold" in the heliospheric current sheet (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliospheric_current_sheet) the polarity flips. I presume that the tighter the fold, the less distance between the polarity change, the greater the induced current; tight enough and the polarity is different between two close points on earth, inducing a greater than normal current.

      But I didn't pay enough attention in high school physics, so....

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